The issue of reestablishment and development of research in Mongolian Tradional Medicine (MTM), has become serious question today. The MTM was introduced to Mongolia from India and Tibet many centuries ago. For everybody who is studying or working in the field of MTM, the most important point that must be studied is the first volume of the Four Tantras of Healing Science, entitled Root Tantra. The text of the Root Tantra is connected with other Tantric teachings by the system of 3 roots, 9 trunks, 47 branches, 224 leaves, 2 flowers and 3 seeds. Therefore, it is essential to analyse the profound content of the Root Tantra, and this is the main object of the research work.     The research is aimed at: comparative study of the first volume Root Tantra of the series of the Four Tantra of the Healing Science; commentaries on that text; and clarifying profound and complicated understanding and terminologies of the text. In the research work we have studied the tradition of the Eastern Traditional Medicine, the complex properties of the buddist knowledge and it's elements were considered on time. The text of root if the healthy body and the foundation of healing revealed that it is an origin to maintain body physiological balance. The real names and the colloquial names of natural materials used for medicines, methods of recognizing, selecting, and appropriate usage of them are all given in a systematic model. Tradional Medical training the "Drawing a tree" of "Root Tantra" introduced a complete and advanced training method of education. The research work signifies that Mongolian scholars have inherited the Eastern Traditional Medicine originated from Ayurveda, and have developed and enriched themselves the Traditional Medicine in a creative way.