This research is aimed to characterise implications of axial dimensions for refractive error in young adult population of Mongolia The study included 750 subjects, aged 20 to 39 years old, who were selected in rural and urban areas of Mongolia- Selenge aimag and Ulaanbaatar city- to participate in this population based, cross-sectional study. Anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT) and axial length(AL) measured by A-mode, handheld ultrasound. Visual acuity(VA), height and weight of the individuals were

recorded. There was no significant difference in mean of AL between right (p<0.46) and left (p<0.77) eyes in rural area. There was a significant change in AL with age 20-29 (23.65±1.13mm, p<0.00) in urban area, than other age group of rural and urban areas. The regression coefficients suggest that a 10cm increase in height is associated with a 0.27 mm increase in axial length, and a unit increase in educational achievement (primary (3), secondary (2) and college(l)) is associated with a 0.36 mm increase in axial

length. There is detected a difference in axial length and consequently refractive error and between urban and rural areas in Mongolia. Mean axial length is becoming greater in younger people, especially in urban areas.

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