Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center of Mongolia

Health Sciences University of Mongolia

To evaluate the outcomes of ultrasound (US) diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer and its recurrences. In this study, 225 consecutive patients (from 9 to 70 years old, mean age: 50; 16 males and 131 females) with non palpable and palpable (mean size: 8-54 mm) thyroid gland disease were examined. All patients were studied by US, color-Doppler US, and US guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). During the US panoramic study, US pattern of thyroid cancer: echogenicity (hyper-, iso- or hypoechoic lesion), echo structure (solid, mixed or cystic), margins (well defined, irregular or blurred), and presence of hyperechoic spots (coarse calcifications or microcalcification) were identified. Color-Doppler US examination identified three types of vascularity: type 0-2 (hyper-, hypo- or avascularity). In 147 of 225 patients, (65.3%) detected thyroid cancer, in 30 patients (13.3%) recurrence of thyroid cancer, in 24 patients simple adenoma, in 24 patients Autoimmune Thyroiditis (AIT). By the cytological evaluation, in all 147 patients with thyroid cancer

papillary cancer was in 89 (61%) cases, folliculary cancer in 44 (30%), medullary cancer in 5 (3.4%) and anaplastic in 9 (6.1%) of all cases. The main US and CD US signs of thyroid cancers were: without capsularity margin-131 (90.3%), non homogeneous echo structure-126 (86.9%), hypoechoic-121 (83.45%), irregular margin-119 (82.1%), non smooth

margin-104 (71.7%), abnormal shape-99 (68.3%), with cystic component-53 (36.55%), micro calcification-36 (24.8%), cervical lymph nodules one side of the metastasis-15 (10.2%), hypervascular-65%, hypovascular-27.5%, avascular-7.5%. This study shows that US diagnosis is a significant and cost-effective method in diagnosis of thyroid focal lesions. US guided FNAB of thyroid nodules had high sensitivity (91%).

 

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